So I was having an issue with the mail app in my iPhones not being able to get IMAP email from my dovecot server.
Turned out I needed to change my dovecot config from this:
ssl_key = </etc/dovecot/mail.{{ domain }}.key
ssl_cert = </etc/dovecot/mail.{{ domain }}.crt
ssl_ca = </etc/dovecot/mail.{{ domain }}.chain.pem
to this:
ssl_key = </etc/dovecot/mail.{{ domain }}.key
ssl_cert = </etc/dovecot/mail.{{ domain }}.chain.pem
So I was having an issue with curl (actually the PHP client at first, but also with the command-line version).
The issue manifested like this:
jj5@orac:~/temp/curl$ curl https://test.jj5.net/my-file.txt curl: (60) SSL certificate problem: unable to get local issuer certificate More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html curl performs SSL certificate verification by default, using a "bundle" of Certificate Authority (CA) public keys (CA certs). If the default bundle file isn't adequate, you can specify an alternate file using the --cacert option. If this HTTPS server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might not match the domain name in the URL). If you'd like to turn off curl's verification of the certificate, use the -k (or --insecure) option.
I ran the command in strace:
jj5@orac:~/temp/curl$ strace curl https://test.jj5.net/my-file.txt 2>&1 | less
Noticed this strace output:
stat("/etc/ssl/certs/8d28ae65.0", 0x7ffc33143630) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
There was no /etc/ssl/certs/8d28ae65.0 file.
I found a copy of 8d28ae65.0 here:
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIGCDCCA/CgAwIBAgIQKy5u6tl1NmwUim7bo3yMBzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADCB hTELMAkGA1UEBhMCR0IxGzAZBgNVBAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4G A1UEBxMHU2FsZm9yZDEaMBgGA1UEChMRQ09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQxKzApBgNV BAMTIkNPTU9ETyBSU0EgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkwHhcNMTQwMjEy MDAwMDAwWhcNMjkwMjExMjM1OTU5WjCBkDELMAkGA1UEBhMCR0IxGzAZBgNVBAgT EkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4GA1UEBxMHU2FsZm9yZDEaMBgGA1UEChMR Q09NT0RPIENBIExpbWl0ZWQxNjA0BgNVBAMTLUNPTU9ETyBSU0EgRG9tYWluIFZh bGlkYXRpb24gU2VjdXJlIFNlcnZlciBDQTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEP ADCCAQoCggEBAI7CAhnhoFmk6zg1jSz9AdDTScBkxwtiBUUWOqigwAwCfx3M28Sh bXcDow+G+eMGnD4LgYqbSRutA776S9uMIO3Vzl5ljj4Nr0zCsLdFXlIvNN5IJGS0 Qa4Al/e+Z96e0HqnU4A7fK31llVvl0cKfIWLIpeNs4TgllfQcBhglo/uLQeTnaG6 ytHNe+nEKpooIZFNb5JPJaXyejXdJtxGpdCsWTWM/06RQ1A/WZMebFEh7lgUq/51 UHg+TLAchhP6a5i84DuUHoVS3AOTJBhuyydRReZw3iVDpA3hSqXttn7IzW3uLh0n c13cRTCAquOyQQuvvUSH2rnlG51/ruWFgqUCAwEAAaOCAWUwggFhMB8GA1UdIwQY MBaAFLuvfgI9+qbxPISOre44mOzZMjLUMB0GA1UdDgQWBBSQr2o6lFoL2JDqElZz 30O0Oija5zAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAYYwEgYDVR0TAQH/BAgwBgEB/wIBADAdBgNV HSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwGwYDVR0gBBQwEjAGBgRVHSAAMAgG BmeBDAECATBMBgNVHR8ERTBDMEGgP6A9hjtodHRwOi8vY3JsLmNvbW9kb2NhLmNv bS9DT01PRE9SU0FDZXJ0aWZpY2F0aW9uQXV0aG9yaXR5LmNybDBxBggrBgEFBQcB AQRlMGMwOwYIKwYBBQUHMAKGL2h0dHA6Ly9jcnQuY29tb2RvY2EuY29tL0NPTU9E T1JTQUFkZFRydXN0Q0EuY3J0MCQGCCsGAQUFBzABhhhodHRwOi8vb2NzcC5jb21v ZG9jYS5jb20wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQADggIBAE4rdk+SHGI2ibp3wScF9BzWRJ2p mj6q1WZmAT7qSeaiNbz69t2Vjpk1mA42GHWx3d1Qcnyu3HeIzg/3kCDKo2cuH1Z/ e+FE6kKVxF0NAVBGFfKBiVlsit2M8RKhjTpCipj4SzR7JzsItG8kO3KdY3RYPBps P0/HEZrIqPW1N+8QRcZs2eBelSaz662jue5/DJpmNXMyYE7l3YphLG5SEXdoltMY dVEVABt0iN3hxzgEQyjpFv3ZBdRdRydg1vs4O2xyopT4Qhrf7W8GjEXCBgCq5Ojc 2bXhc3js9iPc0d1sjhqPpepUfJa3w/5Vjo1JXvxku88+vZbrac2/4EjxYoIQ5QxG V/Iz2tDIY+3GH5QFlkoakdH368+PUq4NCNk+qKBR6cGHdNXJ93SrLlP7u3r7l+L4 HyaPs9Kg4DdbKDsx5Q5XLVq4rXmsXiBmGqW5prU5wfWYQ//u+aen/e7KJD2AFsQX j4rBYKEMrltDR5FL1ZoXX/nUh8HCjLfn4g8wGTeGrODcQgPmlKidrv0PJFGUzpII 0fxQ8ANAe4hZ7Q7drNJ3gjTcBpUC2JD5Leo31Rpg0Gcg19hCC0Wvgmje3WYkN5Ap lBlGGSW4gNfL1IYoakRwJiNiqZ+Gb7+6kHDSVneFeO/qJakXzlByjAA6quPbYzSf +AZxAeKCINT+b72x -----END CERTIFICATE-----
I made a copy of the cert here:
root@orac:/usr/local/share/ca-certificates# ll 8d28ae65.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 2.2K Feb 21 06:53 8d28ae65.crt
I checked what it had to say about itself:
root@orac:/usr/local/share/ca-certificates# openssl x509 -in 8d28ae65.crt -text -noout
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
2b:2e:6e:ea:d9:75:36:6c:14:8a:6e:db:a3:7c:8c:07
Signature Algorithm: sha384WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=GB, ST=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=COMODO CA Limited, CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority
Validity
Not Before: Feb 12 00:00:00 2014 GMT
Not After : Feb 11 23:59:59 2029 GMT
Subject: C=GB, ST=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=COMODO CA Limited, CN=COMODO RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
Public-Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus:
00:8e:c2:02:19:e1:a0:59:a4:eb:38:35:8d:2c:fd:
01:d0:d3:49:c0:64:c7:0b:62:05:45:16:3a:a8:a0:
c0:0c:02:7f:1d:cc:db:c4:a1:6d:77:03:a3:0f:86:
f9:e3:06:9c:3e:0b:81:8a:9b:49:1b:ad:03:be:fa:
4b:db:8c:20:ed:d5:ce:5e:65:8e:3e:0d:af:4c:c2:
b0:b7:45:5e:52:2f:34:de:48:24:64:b4:41:ae:00:
97:f7:be:67:de:9e:d0:7a:a7:53:80:3b:7c:ad:f5:
96:55:6f:97:47:0a:7c:85:8b:22:97:8d:b3:84:e0:
96:57:d0:70:18:60:96:8f:ee:2d:07:93:9d:a1:ba:
ca:d1:cd:7b:e9:c4:2a:9a:28:21:91:4d:6f:92:4f:
25:a5:f2:7a:35:dd:26:dc:46:a5:d0:ac:59:35:8c:
ff:4e:91:43:50:3f:59:93:1e:6c:51:21:ee:58:14:
ab:fe:75:50:78:3e:4c:b0:1c:86:13:fa:6b:98:bc:
e0:3b:94:1e:85:52:dc:03:93:24:18:6e:cb:27:51:
45:e6:70:de:25:43:a4:0d:e1:4a:a5:ed:b6:7e:c8:
cd:6d:ee:2e:1d:27:73:5d:dc:45:30:80:aa:e3:b2:
41:0b:af:bd:44:87:da:b9:e5:1b:9d:7f:ae:e5:85:
82:a5
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:BB:AF:7E:02:3D:FA:A6:F1:3C:84:8E:AD:EE:38:98:EC:D9:32:32:D4
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
90:AF:6A:3A:94:5A:0B:D8:90:EA:12:56:73:DF:43:B4:3A:28:DA:E7
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
X509v3 Certificate Policies:
Policy: X509v3 Any Policy
Policy: 2.23.140.1.2.1
X509v3 CRL Distribution Points:
Full Name:
URI:http://crl.comodoca.com/COMODORSACertificationAuthority.crl
Authority Information Access:
CA Issuers - URI:http://crt.comodoca.com/COMODORSAAddTrustCA.crt
OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.comodoca.com
Signature Algorithm: sha384WithRSAEncryption
4e:2b:76:4f:92:1c:62:36:89:ba:77:c1:27:05:f4:1c:d6:44:
9d:a9:9a:3e:aa:d5:66:66:01:3e:ea:49:e6:a2:35:bc:fa:f6:
dd:95:8e:99:35:98:0e:36:18:75:b1:dd:dd:50:72:7c:ae:dc:
77:88:ce:0f:f7:90:20:ca:a3:67:2e:1f:56:7f:7b:e1:44:ea:
42:95:c4:5d:0d:01:50:46:15:f2:81:89:59:6c:8a:dd:8c:f1:
12:a1:8d:3a:42:8a:98:f8:4b:34:7b:27:3b:08:b4:6f:24:3b:
72:9d:63:74:58:3c:1a:6c:3f:4f:c7:11:9a:c8:a8:f5:b5:37:
ef:10:45:c6:6c:d9:e0:5e:95:26:b3:eb:ad:a3:b9:ee:7f:0c:
9a:66:35:73:32:60:4e:e5:dd:8a:61:2c:6e:52:11:77:68:96:
d3:18:75:51:15:00:1b:74:88:dd:e1:c7:38:04:43:28:e9:16:
fd:d9:05:d4:5d:47:27:60:d6:fb:38:3b:6c:72:a2:94:f8:42:
1a:df:ed:6f:06:8c:45:c2:06:00:aa:e4:e8:dc:d9:b5:e1:73:
78:ec:f6:23:dc:d1:dd:6c:8e:1a:8f:a5:ea:54:7c:96:b7:c3:
fe:55:8e:8d:49:5e:fc:64:bb:cf:3e:bd:96:eb:69:cd:bf:e0:
48:f1:62:82:10:e5:0c:46:57:f2:33:da:d0:c8:63:ed:c6:1f:
94:05:96:4a:1a:91:d1:f7:eb:cf:8f:52:ae:0d:08:d9:3e:a8:
a0:51:e9:c1:87:74:d5:c9:f7:74:ab:2e:53:fb:bb:7a:fb:97:
e2:f8:1f:26:8f:b3:d2:a0:e0:37:5b:28:3b:31:e5:0e:57:2d:
5a:b8:ad:79:ac:5e:20:66:1a:a5:b9:a6:b5:39:c1:f5:98:43:
ff:ee:f9:a7:a7:fd:ee:ca:24:3d:80:16:c4:17:8f:8a:c1:60:
a1:0c:ae:5b:43:47:91:4b:d5:9a:17:5f:f9:d4:87:c1:c2:8c:
b7:e7:e2:0f:30:19:37:86:ac:e0:dc:42:03:e6:94:a8:9d:ae:
fd:0f:24:51:94:ce:92:08:d1:fc:50:f0:03:40:7b:88:59:ed:
0e:dd:ac:d2:77:82:34:dc:06:95:02:d8:90:f9:2d:ea:37:d5:
1a:60:d0:67:20:d7:d8:42:0b:45:af:82:68:de:dd:66:24:37:
90:29:94:19:46:19:25:b8:80:d7:cb:d4:86:28:6a:44:70:26:
23:62:a9:9f:86:6f:bf:ba:90:70:d2:56:77:85:78:ef:ea:25:
a9:17:ce:50:72:8c:00:3a:aa:e3:db:63:34:9f:f8:06:71:01:
e2:82:20:d4:fe:6f:bd:b1
Seems legit! :)
So I installed it:
root@orac:/usr/local/share/ca-certificates# update-ca-certificates
Bug fixed!
See How to Disable Password Authentication for SSH.
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Then:
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM no
Then restart the SSH server:
service sshd restart
From The Most Common OpenSSL Commands to view a certificate:
openssl x509 -text -noout -in certificate.crt
CSR generation for PositiveSSL and PositiveSSL WildCard with Apache2/OpenSSL see: CSR Generation: Using OpenSSL (Apache w/mod_ssl, NGINX, OS X):
openssl req -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout myserver.key -out server.csr
To generate the CA bundle see this article:
cat COMODORSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt COMODORSAAddTrustCA.crt AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt > your_domain.ca-bundle
Working through a howto about How To: Create a Self-signed SSL Certificate for IIS6, which hopefully works on Windows XP!
I’m half-way through setting up my web-server for client certificate authentication. Have to get a few other things done first so I’m going to come back to this. Here are my notes so far.
I’m reading OpenSSL and Certificates over on Ubuntu help, and that seems to be a fairly good guide for setting up the server side of things.
I read this article on Email Certificates but that wasn’t that useful for what I’m doing.
I learned a little bit about the update-ca-certificates command that is part of the ca-certificates package, and maybe that will be useful down the track.
In my travels I discovered NSS and SSL Error Codes, but that’s probably not too useful either.
The OpenSSL FAQ was a really useful read. I’ll probably be referring back to that.
I learned about cacert.org which is interesting but probably something I won’t be using.
There’s an SSL Certificates HOWTO over on TLDP and if I can find the time I’d like to read that whole thing, although from what I’ve read so far it’s not complete.
The mod_ssl project has a really handy Reference for all the Apache configuration options, worth a read of.
And that’s it for now. I’ll pick this up again in a day or two.
Reading the OpenSSL FAQ I learned that you can issue the following command to get a list of the acceptable client certificate CA names from a server:
openssl s_client -connect test.jj5.net:443 -prexit
Obviously you replace ‘test.jj5.net’ with whatever server you’re interested in.
On the Gnu Privacy Guard Howto I learned how to create a revocation certificate for my public key:
$ gpg --output revoke.asc --gen-revoke $GPGKEY
Where $GPGKEY is the Key-ID of a certificate in your system.